The experience of countries in implementing the principles of "one health". Comparative review

Relevance: The global consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic emphasize today the importance of the concept of "One Health" for the health system, which provides for the use of a coordinated, joint, interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach to eliminate potential or existing risks arising at the interface of the "environment-animal-human-ecosystem". The aim of the work is to study the experience of countries in implementing the concept of "One Health". Search strategy: comparative analysis of publications on the research topic, sources indexed in the databases of the electronic library e-Library, Google Academy, Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus. 26 countries from the European Union, South America and Africa were subject to analysis. The criteria defined are: institutional framework;mechanisms of intersectoral interaction and programs/tools for the implementation of the concept of "One Health". Results: The literature review provides a comparative analysis of the experience of implementing the concept of "One Health" in 26 countries. Realizing the importance of "One Health" in the general concept of public safety, countries have launched an active policy to promote it in the last decade. Characteristic features of country policies are the intersectoral approach with appropriate support from the government of the country, the activity of all participants in promoting the initiative and their investment.

Legal risks of liability in the healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is the most unprecedented crisis facing modern healthcare management in a century. Many health activities are receiving intense ethical and legal scrutiny. In this regard, healthcare professionals are concerned about legal ambiguity regarding legal liability and immunity. The pandemic in the world not only directly affected the constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms of the individual, but also highlighted certain types of legal crimes that previously had little practical significance. In this regard, in different countries at different times and in different ways, emergency management rules are introduced. The measures taken are the subject of much criticism, and questions of constitutional legitimacy have also been raised. This review provides an analysis to address legal liability and immunity issues among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The impact of COVID-19 on the performance of primary health care service providers in a capitation payment system in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Introduction. In Republic of Kazakhstan, as in many other countries, the use of capitation payment schemes in primary health care is popular. Despite this popularity, the subject literature discusses its role in decreasing the quality of primary medical services. This problem is particularly important during COVID-19. In this study the authors use data from interviews with personnel of medical entities and financial and administrative reports of primary health care providers in order to identify how this crisis situation impacts the performance of primary health care entities, under capitation payment system. The performance indicators include both the financial and quality measures.